All you need to know about the history of the Melbourne Cup, Australia's greatest thoroughbred race.

MELBOURNE CUP FACTS AND FIGURES

* First run in 1861 under the banner of the Victorian Turf Club and won by the Etienne de Mestre-trained Archer who beat the favourite Mormon by six lengths. The prize was 1420 pounds and the trophy a gold watch.

* Archer came back the following year to beat Mormon, this time by eight lengths, a record margin that still stands (it was equalled in 1968 by Rain Lover).

* De Mestre would go on to train three other winners of the Melbourne Cup - Tim Whiffler (1867), Chester (1877) and Calamia (1878).

* Trainer Bart Cummings claimed the first of his 12 Melbourne Cups in 1965 with Light Fingers. The following year stablemate Galilee was the only horse to prevent Light Fingers making it back-to-back Cups and in 1967 Red Handed gave Cummings his third straight victory.

* Cummings' other winners were Think Big (1974, 1975), Gold And Black (1977), Hyperno (1979), Kingston Rule (1990), Let's Elope (1991), Saintly (1996), Rogan Josh (1999) and Viewed (2008).

* In 1972 the race was altered to the metric distance of 3200m, 18.7 metres or 61.5 feet short of two miles.

* Kingston Rule holds the metric race record of three minutes 16.30 seconds.

* 1985 marked the dawn of a new era for the Cup with prize money raised to $1 million. The owners of What A Nuisance received $650,000 and a $23,000 Cup.

* This year the race is worth $4.4 million to the winning owners.

* Four-year-olds (46) and five-year-olds (44) have the best record of any age group. Other age groups are three-year-old (23), six-year-old (32), seven-year-old (10) and eight-year-old (2).

* The oldest horses to win the race were the eight-year-olds Toryboy (1865) and Catalogue (1938).

* Bobby Lewis and Harry White are the most successful jockeys. In 33 rides in the Cup Lewis saluted the judge four times with The Victory (1902), Patrobas (1915), Artilleryman (1919) and Trivalve in 1927. He also finished third on Phar Lap in 1929.

* Harry White steered the Bart Cummings-trained Think Big to successive victories in 1974 and 1975. He was back in the winner's circle again with Arwon in 1978 and another Cummings' runner Hyperno in 1979.

* Think Big failed to win a race between his two Melbourne Cup wins and Vow And Declare will be trying to emulate that achievement.

* Makybe Diva is the only horse to win the Cup three times - in 2003, 2004 and 2005.

* Perhaps the unluckiest of all Melbourne Cup runners was Shadow King who ran in six Cups between 1929 and 1935 finishing third to Phar Lap in 1930, second to White Nose in 1931, third to Peter Pan in 1932 and second again behind Hall Mark in 1933.

* The longest-priced horses to win: Four horses have won at 100-1: The Pearl (1871), Wotan (1936), Old Rowley (1940) and Prince Of Penzance (2015).

* The shortest priced are Archer 2-1 (1862), Tim Whiffler 5-2 (1867), Revenue 7-4 (1901), Phar Lap 8-11 (1930), Even Stevens 3-1 (1962), Let's Elope 3-1 (1991) and Makybe Diva at 5-2 in 2004.

* Melbourne Cup winners to produce other Melbourne Cup winners:- Grand Flaneur (1880) sired Bravo (1889) and Patron (1894); Malua (1884) sired Malvolio (1891); Comedy King (1910) sired Artilleryman (1919) and King Ingoda (1922); Spearfelt (1926) sired Dark Felt (1943); Marabou (1935) sired Skipton (1941); Silver Knight (1971) sired Black Knight (1984).

* Surprise Baby is a son of 2009 winner Shocking.

* In 1993, Vintage Crop became the first northern hemisphere-trained horse to win. The Irish stayer was trained by Dermot Weld and ridden by Mick Kinanne and is credited with putting the race on the world stage.

* In 2015, Michelle Payne became the first woman to ride the winner of the Melbourne Cup when she took Prince Of Penzance to a famous victory. Jamie Kah is give a second-to-none chance of winning on Prince Of Arran.